A comprehensive survey on the methods of angle of attack measurement and estimation in UAVs

Angle of Attack (AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft. The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop. This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned. This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot. The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes (MHPs). The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports. Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper. This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.     

基于双滤波器的高精度目标跟踪估计方法

针对连续推力的合作航天器，采用双重无迹卡尔曼滤波(DUKF)算法估计其状态和加速度。通过状态滤波器和参数滤波器的配合，提升滤波精度，完成运动状态和参数的估计，从而实现合作目标的运动轨迹跟踪。与合作航天器相比，非合作航天器存在大小未知、发生时刻未知的机动，无法获得加速度，且信息获取和运动状态的估计难度大。针对非合作航天器，基于简化的相对运动方程，结合天基平台获得目标的观测信息，采用两个扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)及基于半正焦弦的机动检测策略实现多未知脉冲机动的运动状态的估计。仿真结果表明：相比于无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF），DUKF在对合作航天器的状态和加速度估计方面具有更快的收敛速度和更高的滤波精度；对于存在未知机动的非合作航天器，通过对比验证机动检测策略与滤波器切换策略相结合的方法的有效性，该方法能够检测到多次机动并且减少误判。     

Orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics of tethered solar power satellite

A new orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamic model of the tethered solar power satellite (Tethered SPS) is established based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The Hamilton’s equation of the system is derived by introducing generalized momentum through Legendre transformation. The correctness of the proposed model is verified by an example. The dynamic characteristics of the Tethered SPS are studied using the symplectic Runge-Kutta method. Simulation results show that the orbital radius and the total energy of the system are well preserved. The attitude of the system is unstable when the mass of the bus system is small. However, the attitude stability is dependent on some other parameters of the system, which requires further studies. It is also found that the average tether force/deformation can be roughly estimated by simplifying the solar panel as a particle. The proposed model can be used to study the orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics and control problems.     

Estimating the spin axis orientation of the Echostar-2 box-wing geosynchronous satellite

For the first time, the spin axis orientation of an inactive box-wing geosynchronous satellite has been estimated from ground-based optical photometric observations of Echostar-2’s specular reflections. Recent photometric light curves obtained of Echostar-2 over four years suggest that unusually bright and brief specular reflections were occurring twice within an observed spin period. These bright and brief specular reflections suggested two satellite surfaces with surface normals separated by approximately 180°. The geometry between the satellite, the Sun, and the observing location at the time of each of the brightest observed reflections, was used to estimate Echostar-2’s equatorial spin axis orientation coordinates. When considering prograde and retrograde rotation, Echostar-2’s spin axis orientation was estimated to have been located within 30° of either equatorial coordinate pole. Echostar-2’s spin axis was observed to have moved approximately 180° in right ascension, within a time span of six months, suggesting a roughly one year spin axis precession period about the satellite’s angular momentum vector.     

先进战斗机过失速机动大气数据融合估计方法

可控的过失速机动是先进战斗机超机动性能的重要标志，飞机飞行包线的扩大已超出传统的大气数据系统测量范围，可靠的迎角、侧滑角、总压、静压等飞行大气数据是制约先进战斗机过失速机动中飞行控制的关键因素。以中国推力矢量验证机为对象，基于过失速机动飞行试验的数据，开展大气参数估计与验证研究。结合过失速机动的时间与空间特性，研究了基于风速、地速、空速矢量和惯性姿态、导航参数的大气参数融合计算方法；针对过失速大迎角状态下飞机周围气流非定常、模型非线性导致的融合大气参数误差的复杂特性，进一步构建深度神经网络，对机动状态融合迎角、侧滑角的强非线性误差进行拟合。仿真和飞行试验表明：该方法可在大迎角飞行状态下实现主要大气参数的融合估计，过失速机动过程中融合迎角误差优于2.3°，融合得到的大气参数可为过失速大迎角机动飞行控制提供可靠的大气参数状态反馈。     

Implementation of tactical maneuvers with maneuver libraries

This study creates and combines the general maneuver libraries for fixed-wing aircraft to implement tactical maneuvers. First, the generalized maneuver libraries are established by analyzing the characteristics of tactical maneuvers required in battlefields. The 7th order polynomial is applied to both the creation of the maneuver libraries and the generation of the trajectories or flight paths for modal inputs. To track the desired trajectory, we design the Attitude Command Attitude Hold (ACAH) system and the Rate Command Rate Hold (RCRH) system using Model Following Controller (MFC). Moreover, the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance law is designed. In particular, the CONDUIT® is employed to optimize the gains so that the control systems meet the aircraft Handling Qualities (HQ) criteria. Finally, flight simulations are performed for the longitudinal loop, immelmann-turn, and climb-slalom-descent maneuvers to verify that tactical aggressive maneuvers are realizable via the combination of maneuver libraries. This study can contribute to the development of flight techniques for aircraft tactical maneuvers and to the revision of air force operational manuals.     

飞机燃油油量测量及姿态误差修正方法

提出了一种基于 CAD技术的航空燃油油量实时测量方法。采用三维实体造型技术 ,建立了某飞机机翼油箱模型 ,利用油量传感器的输出值及飞机姿态信息 ,对燃油油量进行实时测量及姿态误差修正。     

基于混合灵敏度下H∞控制在三滑块质量矩导弹上的应用

由于质量矩导弹是一个具有非线性和模型不确定性的多变量系统，为了进一步提高控制系统的鲁棒性，对三滑块质量矩导弹进行了鲁棒控制系统的研究。以所建立的质量矩导弹数学模型为基础，通过对模型合理的简化，得到一个耦合的非线性动力学系统，考虑到质量矩导弹的鲁棒性要求和三个滑块的协调控制问题，在混合灵敏度控制的基础上，采用H∞控制理论对导弹进行姿态控制系统的研究，仿真结果验证了这种方法的有效性。     

三轴稳定遥感卫星姿控系统故障情况下的系统重构

论述三轴对地稳定遥感卫星姿控系统中部分轮子或部分陀螺故障情况下的姿控系统重构。文中论述了只在俯仰通道有一偏置动量轮正常工作，而滚动和偏航通道轮子故障条件下的系统重构。另外还论述了偏航陀螺故障，姿控系统其它部件正常情况下，控制系统采用Whecon原理与PIM控制相结合的设计。以上两种系统重构拟用于实际系统中，经过数学仿真验证，姿控系统在故障情况下能够完成基本任务。     

FY—1C卫星姿态控制系统

针对FY－1C卫星姿态控制系统，给出了系统方案、系统设计、系统特点和飞行试验的结果；对一些新的技术设计和新颖特殊的方案特点，从理论分析和技术实现给出了设计思路和工程实现的方法；分析了FY－1C卫星姿态控制系统在轨运行的结果；对长寿命、低成本和稳定连续运行的工程实现进行了研究；给出了FY－1C卫星姿态控制系统的水平能力和应用发展方向。